If warts appear near the anus, this means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is passing through the body. Dangerous infection, which can cause oncology, death in the active phase. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is Human Papillomavirus
HPV is a common genital infection that causes the appearance of warts in intimate areas through active cell division. The group of viruses from the papillomavirus family includes 5 genes, 27 species, more than 170 strains. About 60% of the world's population is infected with HPV. In most cases, the virus has been in the body in latent form for many years.
Incubation period
Replication lasts 3 months, when the virus does not reveal itself in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies, affecting healthy tissue. Young women's immunity eliminates HPV alone in 80-90% of cases. In the next 10-20%, the infection intensifies, the disease becomes chronic.
Ways of infection
Human papillomavirus virus infection in women is as follows:
- Sexual. The main route of infection, in which the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Contact and family. Use of things, clothes, shoes, household items of a sick person.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is passed on to the baby as it moves through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases, and no treatment is required. In the rest of the patients, he becomes active, relapses. The causes of HPV in women are as follows:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- AIDS HIV;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected intercourse;
- long-term medication;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
- weak immunity after illness.
What is dangerous
Papillomavirus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer may progress. To exclude uterine dysplasia and further develop cancer, it is necessary to determine the DNA virus in time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with fetal infection. If a woman falls ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy begins at the age of 7 months, when the baby's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic types of HPV
Depending on the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Non-oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are excluded, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncotic. Hpv types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40-44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of stimulatory factors, a malignant tumor can develop.
- Oncotic medium. HPV Types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of motivating factors, cancer develops.
- Highly oncotic. Hpv Types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The likelihood of developing oncology is high.
HPV type 16 and 18
Type 16 HPV is highly oncogenic. The microbe invades the cells of the body, blocking the antitumor defense. In the genital area, anus, gray spots with a rough surface are visible. Over time, warts, papillomas, and condylomas form. They are localized not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs, and armpits.
Type 18 HPV also integrates into the DNA of cells, reduces the activity of the immune system, creating favorable conditions for benign tumors that are prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer may develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Symptoms of infection
Symptoms of infection depend on the types contracted by the person. First, the HPV carrier does not cause discomfort. The virus is in latent (asymptomatic) form. Under the influence of stimulatory factors, the following symptoms of HPV appear:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- skin neoplasms;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and condylomas
Skin growths are the first sign of HPV. Genital warts appear when infected with 6, 11 type viruses. The growths are flesh-colored, reminiscent of the outside of cauliflower. Such neoplasms are often prone to malignancy, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rash is multiple, they can be blended into large foci. The main danger is the risk of such an injury to the erection of a thin leg.
Activity of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. causes papillomas. Localized on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. The growth of the dense consistency of the foot varies in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease cannot be cured. With strong immunity, such growth disappears without treatment, the risk of malignancy occurring is small.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts are distinguished:
- Normal (vulgar). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet, caused by types 1, 2 of HPV.
- Filamentous. Nodes on the leg are located in the field, under the amps and mammalian glands, on the genitals.
- Flat (youth). Localized in the amputations, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappear on their own as they grow up. It is caused by a virus of types 3, 5.
Diagnostics
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to properly examine and determine the type of virus. For dangerous conditions, a woman is enrolled in a venereal disease department. Diagnostics is complex, including the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and localization.
- Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. To use the accuracy of the study, use Lugol solution, acetic acid.
- Biopsy. Biometric scraping is performed from the cervix to confirm or exclude oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). It determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is done to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the effect of the virus.
PAP testing
This method is used in gynecology. To determine cancerous changes in the epitheliiam, scrapings are performed from the cervix. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the mucous membrane of the inside of the cervix and the vaginal fornix. It is then stained, dried and examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical and cancerous cells.
The steps to evaluate the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- the initial stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal nucleus structure;
- cells with irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentrations of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
To determine the DNA regions characterized by papillomavirus virus, scrapings are made from the vagina. For a positive result, the concentration of antigen per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg up to 3 - HPV concentrations are low.
- Lg 3-5 is a potent amount of papillomavirus virus.
- Lg from 5 - high concentrations of HPV.
Digene test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects regions of the papillomavirus DNA. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects HPV at an early stage and a tendency to oncology. Digene testing determines the concentration of the virus, often in combination with cytological studies. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV therapy covers the following areas:
- exclude skin growth;
- taking antiviral drugs;
- course of immunostimulating treatment.
Injuries and papillomas, depending on their location on the body, are easily injured. In addition, neoplasms can grow. Such growth is best removed by surgery. Otherwise, the risk of developing early skin lesions increases with cancer.
Medications
Medication needs to be taken to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis can be cured. List of medicines for the complex treatment of HPV:
- Local warning. They are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. This way, you can remove small growths on the skin, stop their growth.
- Antivirus. The composition of medicines contains an antiviral ingredient which, when it enters the body, produces antibodies against infection.
- Immunomodulators. They inhibit papillomavirus reproduction, stop skin growth, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin with viral disease, one of the proposed surgical techniques is performed:
- Laser therapy. Cauterization of growths by laser. The method is allowed during pregnancy, which is characterized by good tolerance, rapid recovery.
- Cryodestruction. Warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, and subsequently disappear without pain. After the procedure, scars do not remain on the body.
- Diathermocoagulation. The growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, an electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave treatment. The method is painless, gets rid of medium-sized growths, does not leave scars, and has at least medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspected oncology. The disadvantage is scars.
Folk remedies
To remove the manifestations of papillomavirus in the complex treatment scheme, alternative medicine methods are used. It is impossible to cure HPV from the inside out in this way, but it is actually possible to eliminate neoplasms on the skin without consequences. To remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following health recipes:
- Extract fresh stem of celandine, rinse, rub the growth on the skin. Repeat the procedure 1 hour / day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Warts lubricated with castor oil 3-4 times / day. Repeat the procedure until the erection wears off.
- Squeeze out the garlic juice, lubricate the pathological lesions. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times / day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Cut the berry in half. Apply to the wart, secure with plaster. Perform the procedure before going to bed, the positive dynamics are noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply on external growth 2-3 times / day, until they fall off.
To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, healing decoctions and infusions instead of tea can be included in the complex treatment scheme. The following are folk remedies with immunostimulating properties:
- Coniferous infusion. Pour 1 tbsp. l. chopped needles 1 cup boiling water. Simmer over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before meals (you can add honey).
- Sugar onions. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. peel an onion in a ratio of 1: 10. Stand broth, strain. Take 1 tsp orally. 5-6 times / day before meals (honey can be added).
Prophylaxis
It is difficult to choose the right medicine and destroy the papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. You need to take care of preventive measures in a timely manner. The following are medical recommendations:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV 2 times / year.
- Eliminate promiscuous sex.
- Use of barrier contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during the vitamin deficiency season).
- Monitor your medication intake.
- Lead an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Stationary vaccination can only protect against 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.